不同NFC/NDF水平饲粮对犊牛瘤胃发酵参数和微生物区系多样性的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2017.12.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究不同非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维（NFC/NDF）水平饲粮对3~6月龄断奶公犊牛瘤胃发酵参数和微生物多样性的影响。选取2~3月龄健康、平均体重为（94.38±0.25）kg的断奶公犊牛30头，随机分为2组，每组15头。分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平相近，NFC/NDF分别为1.35（A组）和0.80（D组）的2种全混合饲粮。试验期105 d，其中预试期15 d，正试期90 d。试验开始后，每组挑选6头体重相近、健康的犊牛，分别在120、150和180日龄晨饲后2 h口腔采集瘤胃液，测定其pH、挥发性脂肪酸、氨态氮浓度和微生物多样性。结果表明：1）饲喂不同NFC/NDF水平饲粮对犊牛瘤胃液pH和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度无显著影响（P>0.05）；2）NH₃-N和乙酸浓度及乙/丙比A组显著低于D组（P<0.05），而丙酸浓度则A组显著高于D组（P<0.05）；3）A组瘤胃微生物多样性指数皆显著低于D组（P<0.05）；4）门水平上，拟杆菌门占序列总数的比例A组显著高于D组（P<0.05），属水平上Christensenellaceae_R-7和Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 所占比例D组显著高于A组（P<0.05）；5）随着日龄的增加，犊牛瘤胃液细菌多样性指数除Shannon指数外，其他指标皆组间差异显著（P<0.05），微生物组成无显著变化（P>0.05）。综上所述，饲喂不同NFC/NDF水平饲粮，显著影响了断奶犊牛瘤胃中微生物的种类和丰富度，影响属水平上微生物的组成，继而对乙酸和丙酸产量产生影响。

Abstract:

This study assessed the effects of diets with different non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC)/neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels on rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial community of male calves. Thirty 2-3 month-old healthy weaned male calves with (94.38±0.25)kg were randomly divided into 2 groups with 15 calves each, and were fed 2 types of total mixed ratio diet with the same crude protein level and different NFC/NDF ratios (1.35(A) and 0.80(D)), respectively. The experiment lasted for 105 d, with 15 d of adaptation period and 90 d of formal period. Six calves in each group were selected to collect rumen fluid through oral for 2 hours after morning feeding on the 120, 150 and 180 d. The pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and NH₃-N concentration and rumen microbial diversity of the rumen fluid samples were determined. The results showed that:1) The dietary NFC/NDF levels had no significant effect on rumen fluid pH and total VFA concentration (P>0.05); 2) Acetate, NH₃-N concentration and acetate/propionate ratio in group A were significantly lower than that in group D (P<0.05), propionate content in group A were significantly higher than that in group D (P<0.05); 3) The microbial diversity parameters of rumen fluid of calves in group A were significantly lower than that in group D (P<0.05); 4) At the phylum level, bacteriodetes proportion accounting for the total number of sequences of calves in group A was significantly higher than that in group D (P<0.05), Christensenellaceae_R-7 and Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 proportions accounting for the total number of sequences of calves in group D was significantly higher at the genus level than that in group A (P<0.05); 5) With the age increasing, the diversity indices except for Shannon index, were significantly different between the 2 groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in rumen microbial composition between the 2 groups(P>0.05). In summary, the dietary NFC/NDF levels significantly affect the species and abundance of the rumen microorganisms, and the level of genus of microorganisms, finally affect the yield of acetate and propionate.

中图分类号:

S823.5

李岚捷, 成述儒, 刁其玉, 付彤, 毕研亮, 王安思, 李明, 屠焰. 不同NFC/NDF水平饲粮对犊牛瘤胃发酵参数和微生物区系多样性的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2017, 48(12): 2347-2357.

LI Lan-jie, CHENG Shu-ru, DIAO Qi-yu, FU Tong, BI Yan-liang, WANG An-si, LI Ming, TU Yan*. Effects of Diets with Different NFC/NDF Levels on the Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Bacterial Community in Male Calves[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2017, 48(12): 2347-2357.

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